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<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-01'>Friday, March 1, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>.
</dateline>
<p>
Lincoln spends most of day in private interviews. Offers War Dept.
cabinet post to Sen. Cameron (Pa.), who accepts.
<bibl default='NO'>William E. Baringer, <title>A House Dividing: Lincoln as President Elect</title> (Springfield, IL: Abraham Lincoln Association, 1945), 320-21.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Receives warning of plot to assassinate him during inauguration
parade. Cong.-elect George P. Fisher (Del.) warns Lincoln of possible
Negro uprising on March 4, 1861.
<bibl default='NO'>Fletcher Pratt, <title>History of the Civil War</title> (New York: Pocket Books, 1956), 5.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Lincoln, Lord Richard Lyons (British Minister), Gen. Scott, and
others attend dinner given by Rudolph Schleiden, Bremen Minister.
<bibl default='NO'>Baltimore Sun, 7 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
<person key='LI30825' teiForm='name'>Mrs. Lincoln</person>, accompanied by Mrs. Sarah B. McLean, wife of John
McLean, Associate Justice, U.S. Supreme Court, calls at White House
and visits with Miss Harriet Lane, President Buchanan's niece and
hostess.
<bibl default='NO'>Baltimore Sun, 2 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-02'>Saturday, March 2, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington,
DC</place>. </dateline>
<p> Lincoln withholds admittance of uninvited visitors.
Goes for drive in carriage presented by New York friends. Receives two
delegations from Virginia. <bibl default='NO'>William E. Baringer, <title>A House Dividing:
Lincoln as President Elect</title> (Springfield, IL: Abraham Lincoln
Association, 1945), 321; Washington National Republican, 4 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Deputation headed by Simeon Draper, New York merchant and friend of
Sen. Seward (N.Y.), protests appointment of Sen.-elect Chase (Ohio) to cabinet.
Lincoln proposes alternate slate without Seward's name. Delegation retires
nonplussed. <bibl default='NO'>Allan Nevins, <title>The Emergence of Lincoln</title>, 2
vols. (New York: Scribner, 1950), 2:455.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Seward writes Lincoln
asking leave to withdraw from cabinet appointment. <bibl default='NO'>
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A392' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Abraham
Lincoln to William H. Seward</xref>, 3 March 1861,
<title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:273.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Lincoln
promises Vice President-elect Hamlin to appoint two of his
friends—Hamlin's first such request. <bibl default='NO'>Hamlin to Welles, 30 March
1861, Gideon Welles Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Dines with Gen. Scott in evening. <bibl default='NO'>Washington Star, 4 March
1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p> [Irwin withdraws $4 from Springfield Marine Bank.
<bibl default='NO'>Pratt, <title corresp='books_Pratt3'>Personal Finances</title>,
176.</bibl>] </p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-03'>Sunday, March 3, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>.
</dateline>
<p>
Lincoln remains in quarters all day, presumably working on Inaugural
Address and cabinet appointments.
<bibl default='NO'>Washington Star, 4 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Is willing to have convention of all states to adjust differences
between North and South.
<bibl default='NO'>N.Y. Tribune, 4 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
["Would it not be well to have the New York Legislature apply to
Congress to call a National Convention? It would be agreeable to the
Administration—in all parts," <bibl default='NO'>Seward to Weed, March 11, 1861, Thurlow Weed Papers, Rush Rhees Library, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY</bibl>.] Sen. Seward (N.Y.) confers at length with Lincoln
regarding cabinet appointments.
<bibl default='NO'>Barton, <title corresp='books_Barton'>Life of Lincoln</title>, 2:8.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
In morning interview President offers navy cabinet post to Gideon
Welles, Connecticut newspaperman and politician, who accepts.
<bibl default='NO'>Welles to wife, 3 March 1861, Gideon Welles Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Horatio N. Taft, chief examiner in Patent Office, and wife call on
President-elect and <person key='LI30825' teiForm='name'>Mrs. Lincoln</person> and find few Washington ladies
present. The Lincolns are "not welcome."
<bibl default='NO'>Julia Taft Bayne, <title>Tad Lincoln's Father</title> (Boston: Little, Brown, 1931), 14-15.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Lincoln gives dinner for William H. Seward, Salmon P. Chase, Gideon
Welles, Montgomery Blair, Simon Cameron, Caleb B. Smith, and Edward
Bates, whose names he forwards to Senate as members of cabinet.
<bibl default='NO'>Albert G. Riddle, <title>Recollections of War Times: Reminiscences of Men and Events in Washington, 1860-1865</title> (New York: Putnam, 1895), 12.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Goes to Senate for Sen. Crittenden's (Ky.) farewell speech.
<bibl default='NO'>Washington National Republican, 4 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-04'>Monday, March
4, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>. </dateline>
<p> Morning cloudy
and raw; 30,000 gather to hear Inaugural Address; no disturbance occurs during
day. <bibl default='NO'>Villard, <title corresp='books_Villard1'>Eve of '61</title>,
102-5.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Lincoln sends letter to Sen. Seward (N.Y.) asking him to
remain in cabinet and to reply by 9 A.M. next day. <bibl default='NO'>Clarence E. Macartney,
<title>Lincoln and His Cabinet</title> (New York: Scribner, 1931), 127;
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A392' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Abraham
Lincoln to William H. Seward</xref>, 4 March 1861,
<title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:273.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Henry
Waterson, newspaper representative at Willard's to see W. H. Lamon, is
personally conducted by Lincoln. <bibl default='NO'>Rufus R. Wilson, ed., <title>Lincoln
Among His Friends: A Sheaf of Intimate Memories</title> (Caldwell, ID: Caxton
Printers, 1942), 285-87.</bibl>
</p>
<p> President-elect receives Judge Davis,
Edward Bates, Gideon Welles, and others. Gives final touches to Inaugural
Address. <bibl default='NO'>Allan Nevins, <title>The Emergence of Lincoln</title>, 2 vols.
(New York: Scribner, 1950), 2:457-58.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Shortly after 12 M.
President Buchanan and Lincoln emerge from 14th Street door of hotel and join
Sens. James A. Pearce (Md.) and Edward D. Baker (Oreg.) of Arrangements
Committee. In open carriage they ride in procession to Capitol.
<bibl default='NO'>Washington Star, 4 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Files of soldiers line
streets; riflemen on rooftops watch windows; artillery is posted near Capitol,
which Lincoln enters through boarded tunnel. <bibl default='NO'>Benjamin P. Thomas,
<title>Abraham Lincoln: A Biography</title> (New York: Knopf, 1952),
245.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Senate is called to order, and oath of office administered
to Hannibal Hamlin by Vice President Breckinridge. Buchanan and Lincoln occupy
seats in front of secretary's desk. <bibl default='NO'>Baltimore Sun, 5 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p> On portico of Capitol about 1 P.M. Baker introduces Lincoln. Weather
is bright and clear. <bibl default='NO'>Baltimore Sun, 15 March 1861; Nicolay to Bates, 5
March 1861, John G. Nicolay Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.</bibl>
</p>
<p> On rising to deliver Inaugural Address Lincoln "could hardly find room
for his hat, and Senator Douglas reaching forward, took it with a smile and
held it during the delivery of the Address." <bibl default='NO'>
<title>The Diary of a
Public Man: An Intimate View of the National Administration, December 28, 1860,
to March 15, 1861</title>, with prefatory notes by F. Lauriston Bullard
(Chicago: Abraham Lincoln Bookshop, 1945); George S. Bryan, <title>The Great
American Myth</title> (New York: Carrick & Evans, 1940), 54.</bibl>
</p>
<p> [The authenticity of this incident has long been in doubt. <bibl default='NO'>See
Randall, <title corresp='books_Randall1'>Lincoln</title>, 1:295.</bibl>] </p>
<p> Lincoln adjusts glasses, unfolds manuscript, and reads: "Apprehension seems
to exist among the people of the Southern States, that by the accession of a
Republican Administration, their property, and their peace, and personal
security, are to be endangered. There has never been any reasonable cause for
such apprehension. . . . I take the official oath to-day, with no mental
reservations, and with no purpose to construe the Constitution or laws, by any
hypercritical rules. . . . I hold, that in contemplation of universal law, and
of the Constitution, the Union of these States is perpetual. . . . It follows
from these views that no State, upon its own mere motion, can lawfully get out
of the Union,—that <uLine>resolves</uLine> and <uLine>ordnances</uLine>
to that effect are legally void; . . . I therefore consider that in view of the
Constitution and the laws, the Union is unbroken; and, to the extent of my
ability, I shall take care, . . . that the laws of the Union be faithfully
executed in all the States. . . . In doing this there needs to be no bloodshed
or violence; and there shall be none unless it be forced upon the national
authority. . . . One section of our country believes slavery is
<uLine>right,</uLine> and ought to be extended, while the other believes it is
<uLine>wrong,</uLine> and ought not to be extended. This is the only
substantial dispute. . . . The Chief Magistrate derives all his authority from
the people, and they have conferred none upon him to fix terms for the
separation of the States. . . . By the frame of the government under which we
live, this same people have wisely given their public servants but little power
for mischief; . . . While the people retain their virtue, and vigilence
[<uLine>sic</uLine>], no administration, by any extreme of wickedness or folly,
can very seriously injure the government, in the short space of four years. . .
. If it were admitted that you who are dissatisfied, hold the right side in the
dispute, there still is no single good reason for precipitate action. . . . In
<uLine>your</uLine> hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in
<uLine>mine,</uLine> is the momentous issue of civil war. . . . We must not be
enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of
affection. The mystic chords of memory, streching [<uLine>sic</uLine>] from
every battelefield, and patriot grave, to every living heart and hearthstone,
all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again
touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature." He
finishes in half an hour. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney administers oath of
office. Marine band plays "God Save Our President," and procession to White
House begins. <bibl default='NO'>Washington Star, 4 March 1861; National Intelligencer, 5
March 1861; Monaghan, <title corresp='books_Monaghan'>Diplomat</title>, 38;
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A389' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>First
Inaugural Address—Final Text</xref>, 4 March 1861,
<title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:262-71.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Lincoln
and Buchanan exchange farewells at Executive Mansion. <bibl default='NO'>Baltimore Sun, 5
March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p> President's first official act is to sign John G.
Nicolay's appointment as private secretary. <bibl default='NO'>Nicolay to Bates, 5 March
1861, John G. Nicolay Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.</bibl>
</p>
<p> About 17 persons sit down with President to first dinner in White House.
<bibl default='NO'>Ruth P. Randall, <title>Mary Lincoln: Biography of a Marriage</title>
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1953), 186.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Lincoln interrupts dinner
and speaks to delegation of nearly 1,000 New Yorkers. <bibl default='NO'>Baltimore Sun, 6
March 1861;
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A391' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Reply
to a New York Delegation</xref>, 4 March 1861, <title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:272.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Presidential party
arrives at Inaugural Ball at 11 P.M. Sen. Henry B. Anthony (R.I.) and Vice
President Hamlin attend President, who leads Grand March arm in arm with Mayor
Berret (Washington). Douglas escorts <person key='LI30825' teiForm='name'>Mrs.
Lincoln</person> and dances quadrille with her. President returns to White
House at 1 A.M.; <person key='LI30825' teiForm='name'>Mrs. Lincoln</person> remains at ball.
<bibl default='NO'>Washington Star, 5 March 1861; Baltimore Sun, 6 March 1861; Margaret
Leech, <title>Reveille in Washington 1860-1865</title> (New York: Harper,
1941), 46.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Later recalls: "The first thing that was handed to
me after I entered this room, when I came from the inauguration was the letter
from Maj. Anderson saying that their provisions would be exhausted before an
expedition could be sent to their relief." <bibl default='NO'>Memorandum, 3 July 1861, John
G. Nicolay Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.</bibl>
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-05'>Tuesday, March 5, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>.
</dateline>
<p>
Senate committee announces to President that Senate is ready to
receive communications.
<bibl default='NO'>
<title>Senate Journal</title>, 409.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Lincoln sends nominations for cabinet positions to extra session of
Senate by private secretary, John G. Nicolay.
<bibl default='NO'>Allan Nevins, <title>The Emergence of Lincoln</title>, 2 vols. (New York: Scribner, 1950), 2:455; Harlan H. Horner, <title>Lincoln and Greeley</title> (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1953), 212.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Receives letter from Sec. William H. Seward who decides to remain in cabinet.
<bibl default='NO'>Barton, <title corresp='books_Barton'>Life of Lincoln</title>, 2:8.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Several state delegations, including Pennsylvania, Massachusetts,
Illinois, and Michigan, call upon Lincoln. President replies to
Massachusetts group: "As President, in the administration of the
Government, I hope to be man enough not to know one citizen of the
United States from another, nor one section from another."
<bibl default='NO'>Washington Star, 6 March 1861; Baltimore Sun, 6 March 1861; <xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A395' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Reply to Massachusetts Delegation</xref>, 5 March 1861, <title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>,
4:274-75; <title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 8:467.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Receives letter of Maj. Robert Anderson warning of crisis at Fort Sumter, S.C.
<bibl default='NO'>
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A406' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Abraham Lincoln to Winfield Scott</xref>, 9 March 1861, <title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:279.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
[See March 4, 1861.] President's son, Robert, returns to Harvard
College. Horace Greeley and Sen. James W. Grimes (Iowa) have
interview with Lincoln on questions of internal policy. President
confers at late hour with Seward.
<bibl default='NO'>
<title>N.Y. Times</title>, 6 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Asks Sec. Simon Cameron to appoint "my friend, E. Elmer Ellsworth" to
post in War Dept.
<bibl default='NO'>
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A393' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Abraham Lincoln to Simon Cameron</xref>, 5 March 1861, <title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:273.</bibl>
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-06'>Wednesday, March 6, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington,
DC</place>. </dateline>
<p> Lincoln welcomes delegations from California,
Indiana, Maine, Minnesota, Ohio, and Vermont. <bibl default='NO'>Washington Star, 6 March
1861, 7 March 1861; National Intelligencer, 6 March 1861;
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A399' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Reply
to Minnesota Delegation</xref>, 6 March 1861, <title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:276.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Confers with Cong.
Martin F. Conway (Kans.) about patronage. <bibl default='NO'>Conway to Lincoln, 12 March
1861, Robert Todd Lincoln Collection of Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of
Congress, Washington, DC.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Interviews Cong. Colfax (Ind.)
relative to his appointment. <bibl default='NO'>Colfax to Lincoln, 6 March 1861, Robert Todd
Lincoln Collection of Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress, Washington,
DC.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Sec. Gideon Welles accompanied by Edward S. Cleveland,
postmaster, Hartford, Conn., calls on President to review conditions in Navy
Dept. <bibl default='NO'>Cleveland to Welles, 6 March 1861, Gideon Welles Papers, Library of
Congress, Washington, DC.</bibl>
</p>
<p> President nominates N. B. Judd
minister to Berlin. <bibl default='NO'>Baltimore Sun, 7 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Explains
to Sec. Salmon P. Chase, who learns of cabinet nomination through action of
Senate, that it would be embarrassing to him if Chase did not accept. Chase
resigns seat in Senate and accepts. <bibl default='NO'>Jacob W. Schuckers, <title>The Life
and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase</title> (New York: Appleton,
1874), 207.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Lincoln holds first cabinet meeting;
"introductory," "uninteresting." <bibl default='NO'>Bates, <title corresp='books_Bates3'>Diary</title>.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Delegations from
Pennsylvania, New York, Wisconsin, and Rhode Island interview President. <bibl default='NO'>
<title>N.Y. Times</title>, 7 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p> [Irwin withdraws $2.65
from Springfield Marine Bank. <bibl default='NO'>Pratt, <title corresp='books_Pratt3'>Personal Finances</title>, 176.</bibl>] </p>
<p>
<person key='LI30825' teiForm='name'>Mrs. Lincoln</person> drives out to Soldiers' Home,
Upshur St. and Rock Creek Rd., NW. <bibl default='NO'>
<title>N.Y. Times</title>, 7 March
1861.</bibl>
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-07'>Thursday, March 7, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>.
</dateline>
<p>
Lincoln rides horseback before breakfast to Soldiers' Home.
<bibl default='NO'>
<title>N.Y. Times</title>, 8 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Holds conference with several members of cabinet on supplying Fort
Sumter, S.C. No decisions.
<bibl default='NO'>Welles, <title corresp='books_Welles1'>Diary</title>; Randall, <title corresp='books_Randall1'>Lincoln</title>, 1:319.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Diplomatic corps, in national dress, pays official visit. Cabinet
members and <person key='LI30825' teiForm='name'>Mrs. Lincoln</person> present. Lincoln replies to speech by Comdr.
J. C. de Figaniere é Moraô minister from Portugal.
<bibl default='NO'>Washington Star, 8 March 1861; Baltimore Sun, 8 March 1861; <xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A401' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Reply to Diplomatic Corps</xref>, 7 March 1861, <title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>,
4:277.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
President discusses selection of marshal for District of Columbia
with Sec. Simon Cameron. Interviews Lucius H. Chandler, Virginia
politician, on Union sentiment in state.
<bibl default='NO'>
<title>N.Y. Times</title>, 8 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Writes note of recommendation for William Johnson, "a colored boy"
who has been "with me about twelve months."
<bibl default='NO'>
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A402' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Abraham Lincoln to Whom It May Concern</xref>, 7 March 1861, <title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:277.</bibl>
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-08'>Friday, March 8, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>.
</dateline>
<p>
Lincoln writes Cong. Colfax (Ind.) about selection of Indiana
representative in cabinet.
<bibl default='NO'>
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A403' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Abraham Lincoln to Schuyler Colfax</xref>, 8 March 1861, <title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:278.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
President's "first reception a motley crowd and terrible squeeze."
<bibl default='NO'>Bates, <title corresp='books_Bates3'>Diary</title>.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
"The event was voted by all the oldest inhabitants to have been the
most successful ever known there."
<bibl default='NO'>Nicolay to Bates, 7 March 1861, 10 March 1861, John G. Nicolay Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Sec. Welles presents officers of navy in full uniform to President
and <person key='LI30825' teiForm='name'>Mrs. Lincoln</person>.
<bibl default='NO'>Welles to wife, 8 March 1861, Gideon Welles Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
For two and a half hours the President shakes hands with all who pass him.
<bibl default='NO'>William O. Stoddard, <title>Inside the White House in War Times</title> (New York: C. L. Webster, 1890), 52.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
At 10:30 P.M. passes through East Room and withdraws to private
apartment. Hundreds "gave up in despair and went home without seeing
the President."
<bibl default='NO'>Washington Star, 9 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Ladies connected with foreign legations call upon <person key='LI30825' teiForm='name'>Mrs. Lincoln</person>.
<bibl default='NO'>Baltimore Sun, 9 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-09'>Saturday, March 9, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>.
</dateline>
<p>
Lincoln submits written questions to Gen. Scott about supplying and
reinforcing Fort Sumter, S.C.
<bibl default='NO'>
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A406' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Abraham Lincoln to Winfield Scott</xref>, 9 March 1861, <title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:279.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Sec. Welles spends about half hour with Lincoln.
<bibl default='NO'>Welles to wife, 9 March 1861, Gideon Welles Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Lincoln makes brief remarks to delegation from Oregon.
<bibl default='NO'>Washington Star, 12 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Cabinet meeting "upon the State of the Country," meaning Fort Sumter,
held at night.
<bibl default='NO'>Bates, <title corresp='books_Bates3'>Diary</title>.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Consensus of opinion is that Federal garrison will be evacuated in five days.
<bibl default='NO'>John S. Tilley, <title>Lincoln Takes Command</title> (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1941), 165.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Following White House etiquette, <person key='LI30825' teiForm='name'>Mrs. Lincoln</person> receives friends in morning.
<bibl default='NO'>
<title>N.Y. Times</title>, 8 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
[George A. P. Healy's portrait of Buchanan is removed from
President's House to rotunda of Capitol.
<bibl default='NO'>DNA—RG 42 Commissioner of Public Buildings, Letters Sent, Blake to Healy, 9 March 1861.</bibl>]
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-10'>Sunday, March
10, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>. </dateline>
<p> Family attends
New York Avenue Presbyterian Church, their church preference while in
Washington. Dr. Phineas D. Gurley is pastor. <bibl default='NO'>Barton,
<title corresp='books_Barton'>Life of Lincoln</title>, 2:42.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
[John Hay is working as assistant to John G. Nicolay, detailed to full time
White House service from clerkship in Dept. of Interior. <bibl default='NO'>Nicolay to
Bates, 10 March 1861, John G. Nicolay Papers, Library of Congress, Washington,
DC.</bibl>] </p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-11'>Monday, March 11, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>.
</dateline>
<p>
Cabinet meets at 11 A.M. and decides to withdraw troops from Fort Sumter, S.C.
<bibl default='NO'>
<title>N.Y. Times</title>, 13 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Lincoln sends nominations to Senate: John Z. Goodrich, collector for
port of Boston; George W. McLellan, second assistant postmaster
general; Archibald Williams, district judge for Kansas; William P.
Dole, commissioner of Indian affairs.
<bibl default='NO'>Baltimore Sun, 12 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Invites Col. Ferguson of Memphis, Tenn., for whom he once chopped
wood, to White House.
<bibl default='NO'>Baltimore Sun, 18 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
<person key='LI30825' teiForm='name'>Mrs. Lincoln</person> and friends visit Washington Navy Yard, Eastern Branch,
Potomac River.
<bibl default='NO'>Baltimore Sun, 13 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-12'>Tuesday, March 12, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>.
</dateline>
<p>
President is criticized by overzealous patriots for not arresting for
treason three ambassadors from Confederacy.
<bibl default='NO'>William O. Stoddard, <title>Abraham Lincoln: The True Story of a Great Life</title> (New York: Fords, Howard & Hulbert, 1884), 217.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Sends to Senate nominations of Cassius M. Clay for minister to Spain
and Cong. Thomas Corwin (Ohio) for minister to Mexico.
<bibl default='NO'>Baltimore Sun, 13 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Officers of army in full uniform, accompanied by Gen. Scott and Sec.
Cameron, call formally at White House.
<bibl default='NO'>Washington Star, 12 March 1861; Albert G. Riddle, <title>Recollections of War Times: Reminiscences of Men and Events in Washington, 1860-1865</title> (New York: Putnam, 1895), 11.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Cong. John Hickman (Pa.) discusses political appointments with Lincoln.
<bibl default='NO'>Hickman to Lincoln, 13 March 1861, Robert Todd Lincoln Collection of Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Lincoln in cabinet council decides to nominate Col. Sumner for
brigadier general.
<bibl default='NO'>Washington Star, 13 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
President and <person key='LI30825' teiForm='name'>Mrs. Lincoln</person> give party with music and dancing.
<bibl default='NO'>Nicolay to Bates, 14 March 1861, John G. Nicolay Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.</bibl>
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-13'>Wednesday, March 13, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>.
</dateline>
<p>
President instructs Sec. Seward to refuse an audience to John Forsyth
of Alabama and former Cong. Martin J. Crawford (Ga.). To receive them
would be to admit that states they represent are out of Union.
<bibl default='NO'>Henry J. Raymond, <title>The Life and Public Services of Abraham Lincoln . . . Together with his State Papers, including his Speeches, Addresses, Messages, Letters, and Proclamations and the Closing Scenes Connected with his Life and Death</title> (New York: Derby & Miller, 1865), 170.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Interviews M. W. Delahay, whom he appoints surveyor general for Kansas.
<bibl default='NO'>
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A418' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Abraham Lincoln to Mark W. Delahay</xref>, 13 March 1861, <title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:283.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Cabinet holds short session on appointments.
<bibl default='NO'>
<title>N.Y. Times</title>, 14 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
President consults with Lt. Gustavus V. Fox (USN, resigned),
brother-in-law of Mrs. Montgomery Blair, and Postmaster Gen.
Montgomery Blair on plan for provisioning Fort Sumter, S.C.
<bibl default='NO'>Gideon Welles, "Fort Sumter, Facts in Relation to the Expedition Ordered by the Administration of President Lincoln for the Relief of the Garrison in Fort Sumter," <title>Galaxy</title> 10 (November 1870):618.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Receives request from Cong. Corwin (Ohio) to recall his nomination as
minister to Mexico if it has not been acted upon.
<bibl default='NO'>Corwin to Lincoln, 13 March 1861, Robert Todd Lincoln Collection of Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.</bibl>
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-14'>Thursday, March 14, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>.
</dateline>
<p>
Lincoln sends to Senate nomination of Jacob S. Haldeman, president,
Harrisburg (Pa.) National Bank, as minister to Sweden. Cabinet meets
in morning and afternoon; busy with appointments and policy regarding
Fort Sumter, S.C.
<bibl default='NO'>Baltimore Sun, 15 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-15'>Friday, March
15, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>. </dateline>
<p> Lincoln
presents to cabinet G. V. Fox's plan for relieving Fort Sumter, S.C.
<bibl default='NO'>West, <title corresp='books_West'>Welles</title>, 98-99.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Requests written opinion of each cabinet member on wisdom of provisioning Fort
Sumter. <bibl default='NO'>
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A425' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Abraham
Lincoln to William H. Seward</xref>, 15 March 1861,
<title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:284-85.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Gen. Scott
consults with cabinet on present military crisis. Lincoln nominates Elisha O.
Crosby as minister to Guatemala. <bibl default='NO'>Baltimore Sun, 16 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Receives written opinions from three cabinet members on wisdom of
sending supplies to Fort Sumter: Sec. Seward, no; Sec. Welles, no; Postmaster
Gen. Blair, yes. <bibl default='NO'>
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A425' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Abraham
Lincoln to William H. Seward</xref>, 15 March 1861,
<title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:284-85.</bibl>
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-16'>Saturday, March 16, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>.
</dateline>
<p>
Lincoln receives written opinions from four cabinet members on wisdom
of sending supplies to Fort Sumter, S.C.: Sec. Chase, yes; Sec.
Cameron, no; Sec. Caleb B. Smith, no; Atty. Gen. Edward Bates, no.
<bibl default='NO'>
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A425' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Abraham Lincoln to William H. Seward</xref>, 15 March 1861, <title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:284-85.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Recognizes Luis Molina as envoy extraordinary and minister
plenipotentiary of Nicaragua.
<bibl default='NO'>National Intelligencer, 18 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Sends message to Senate relative to "dispute now existing between the
Governments of the United States and Great Britain concerning the
boundary line between Vancouver's Island and the American Continent."
<bibl default='NO'>
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A429' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Abraham Lincoln to the Senate</xref>, 16 March 1861, <title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:287-88.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Asks Sec. Welles to give employment to W. Johnson, "a servant who has
been with me for some time."
<bibl default='NO'>
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A430' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Abraham Lincoln to Gideon Welles</xref>, 16 March 1861, <title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:288.</bibl>
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-17'>Sunday, March 17, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>.
</dateline>
<p>
Lincoln attends morning church service with Gen. Scott.
<bibl default='NO'>
<title>N.Y. Herald</title>, 18 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Discusses diplomatic appointments with Sec. Seward.
<bibl default='NO'>Don C. Seitz, <title>Lincoln the Politician: How the Rail-Splitter and Flatboatman Played the Great American Game</title> (New York: Coward-McCann, 1931), 245.</bibl>
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-18'>Monday, March 18, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>.
</dateline>
<p>
President nominates: Cong. Charles Francis Adams (Mass.), minister to
England; former Cong. George P. Marsh (Vt.), minister to Sardinia;
James W. Webb, minister to Turkey; W. L. Dayton, minister to France.
<bibl default='NO'>Baltimore Sun, 19 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Horace Greeley talks briefly to Lincoln.
<bibl default='NO'>Rufus R. Wilson, ed., <title>Lincoln Among His Friends: A Sheaf of Intimate Memories</title> (Caldwell, ID: Caxton Printers, 1942), 449.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
President prepares draft of proposed order to establish military
bureau and sends it to attorney general for opinion. Bates rules that
President does not have power to establish bureau.
<bibl default='NO'>
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A435' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Draft of a Proposed Order to Establish a Militia Bureau</xref>, 18 March 1861, <title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:291; <xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A436' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Abraham Lincoln to Edward Bates</xref>, 18 March 1861, <title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:291-92.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Lincoln writes memorandum on "Some considerations in favor of
withdrawing the Troops from Fort Sumpter."
<bibl default='NO'>
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A432' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Memorandum on Fort Sumter</xref>, 18[?] March 1861, <title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:288-90.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Asks secretary of treasury whether goods are being imported without
duties being paid. Chase replies that he has no information of
illegal importations.
<bibl default='NO'>
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A437' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Abraham Lincoln to Salmon P. Chase</xref>, 18 March 1861, <title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:292.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Lincoln requests information from secretary of navy on "what amount
of Naval force you could at once place at the control of the Revenue
service." Welles replies that 12 vessels could be put at control of
revenue service.
<bibl default='NO'>
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A440' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Abraham Lincoln to Gideon Welles</xref>, 18 March 1861, <title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:293.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
[Irwin withdraws $4 from Springfield Marine Bank.
<bibl default='NO'>Pratt, <title corresp='books_Pratt3'>Personal Finances</title>, 176.</bibl>]
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-19'>Tuesday, March 19, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>.
</dateline>
<p>
G. V. Fox confers with President about Fort Sumter, S.C. Tilley,
174-78. Cong. James M. Ashley (Ohio) sees President about appointment
of Francis M. Case (Ohio) as surveyor general for Utah Territory.
<bibl default='NO'>Ashley to Case, 19 March 1861, Salmon P. Chase Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
[Irwin withdraws $5.75 from Springfield Marine Bank.
<bibl default='NO'>Pratt, <title corresp='books_Pratt3'>Personal Finances</title>, 176.</bibl>]
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-20'>Wednesday, March 20, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington,
DC</place>. </dateline>
<p> President nominates: former Cong. Burlingame
(Mass.), minister to Austria; Rufus King, New York editor and friend of Sec.
Seward, minister to Rome; Bradford R. Wood, one of founders of Republican party
in New York state, minister to Denmark. <bibl default='NO'>Baltimore Sun, 21 March
1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Willie and Tad Lincoln have the measles. <bibl default='NO'>Nicolay to
Bates, 20 March 1861, John G. Nicolay Papers, Library of Congress, Washington,
DC.</bibl>
</p>
<p> Titus C. Wetmore and Copeland Townsend of Colorado
Territory interview President and submit recommendations for territorial
appointments. <bibl default='NO'>
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A443' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Memorandum
on Appointments to Territories</xref>, 20 March 1861,
<title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:294-95.</bibl>
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-21'>Thursday, March 21, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>.
</dateline>
<p>
President writes secretary of war to give Thomas J. Pickett, Illinois
state senator, U.S. agency of Island of Rock Island.
<bibl default='NO'>
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A447' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Abraham Lincoln to Simon Cameron</xref>, 21 March 1861, <title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:297.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
[Irwin withdraws $29 from Springfield Marine Bank.
<bibl default='NO'>Pratt, <title corresp='books_Pratt3'>Personal Finances</title>, 176.</bibl>]
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-22'>Friday, March 22, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>.
</dateline>
<p>
President and <person key='LI30825' teiForm='name'>Mrs. Lincoln</person> greet guests attending second White House
reception of season. Marine band plays under direction of Prof.
Francis Scala, who dedicates "Grand Union Inaugural March" to Mrs.
Lincoln.
<bibl default='NO'>Baltimore Sun, 25 March 1861; National Intelligencer, 23 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-23'>Saturday, March 23, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>.
</dateline>
<p>
President receives no visitors today.
<bibl default='NO'>
<title>N.Y. Herald</title>, 24 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Cabinet meets in long session; presumably discusses affairs of state.
<bibl default='NO'>Baltimore Sun, 25 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-25'>Monday, March 25, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>.
</dateline>
<p>
Deputation of 60 citizens of Baltimore calls upon President and
secretary of treasury. Cabinet in session, presumably to complete
appointments before Senate adjourns.
<bibl default='NO'>Baltimore Sun, 26 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
On letter written to him this day Lincoln writes "Foolishness."
<bibl default='NO'>William C. Jewett to Lincoln, 25 March 1861, Robert Todd Lincoln Collection of Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.</bibl>
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-26'>Tuesday, March 26, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>.
</dateline>
<p>
President replies to Senate resolution of 25th "that at the present
moment the publication of it [Fort Sumter dispatches of Maj.
Anderson] would be inexpedient."
<bibl default='NO'>
<xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A454' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Abraham Lincoln to the United States Senate</xref>, 26 March 1861, <title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:299.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Cabinet in session nearly whole morning.
<bibl default='NO'>Baltimore Sun, 27 March 1861.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
At night Lincoln meets with Secs. Seward and Welles, and Sens. Harris
(N.Y.) and Preston King (N.Y.) at state dept. to discuss appointments.
<bibl default='NO'>Frederic Bancroft, <title>The Life of William H. Seward</title>, 2 vols. (New York: Harper, 1900), 2:356.</bibl>
</p>
</div2>
<div2 part='N' sample='complete' org='uniform'>
<dateline>
<date value='1861-03-27'>Wednesday, March 27, 1861.</date>
<place key='38.8833, -77.0333' teiForm='name'>Washington, DC</place>.
</dateline>
<p>
Chevalier Joseph Bertinatti, chargé d'Affaires from Italy
presents credentials; President returns good wishes.
<bibl default='NO'>National Intelligencer, 28 March 1861; <xref from='ROOT' url='http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln4;node=lincoln4%3A458' targOrder='U' to='DITTO'>Reply to Joseph Bertinatti</xref>, 27 March 1861, <title corresp='books_Basler2'>CW</title>, 4:300.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
William H. Russell, Washington representative of London "Times," has
interview with Lincoln.
<bibl default='NO'>Russell, <title corresp='books_Russell'>Diary</title>.</bibl>
</p>
<p>
Lincoln interviews W. H. P. Denny o |
