Winding up campaign, candidates speak at court house. Ninian W. Edwards, Whig, bellows denial of charge of Dr. Early, Democrat. Early challenges Edwards to duel. Lincoln speaks next and astonishes audience by ability with which he handles subject in dispute. Sangamo Journal (Springfield, IL), 23 July 1836, 2:1; R. L. Wilson to William H. Herndon, 10 February 1866, William H. Herndon Papers, Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, CA.

Logan and Lincoln have four cases in Circuit Court, in each of which they represent plaintiff. Lewis v. Elkin et al. is continued by agreement; Porter & Durham for use of Durham v. Bradley & Brenholts is dismissed by plaintiff. In Warne v. Thayer et al., bill of discovery is filed by defendants and case continued. Jury awards plaintiff $153.27 in Briggs v. Uhler.Record.

Lincoln fills out several printed subpoena forms in Martin v. Tinsley et al.Herndon-Weik Collection, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Logan & Lincoln win two important cases, Hallowell, Walton & Co. v. Payne, and Rankin for use of Logan v. Thomas & Prickett. In first, they get judgment for $500, in latter $1,248.66. Two cases are dismissed.Record.

Jury in Beerup v. Lewis awards property in question to complainant. Lincoln, Herndon, and Robbins represent defendant. Lincoln writes and files defendant's plea in Beaty and wife v. Miller and wife. In two of Logan & Lincoln's cases, defendants are ruled to plead by tomorrow, and two are continued. Lincoln & Herndon get $156.46 damages in Thompson v. Rowell and Nightingale.Herndon-Weik Collection, Library of Congress, Washington, DC; Photocopy.

"Hon. A. Lincoln returned to this city on Tuesday from Chicago, where he had been attending the U.S. District court." Register, 1 August 1850.

Obed Lewis makes $5 worth of repairs for Lincoln. Obed Lewis Account Books.

[On September 20, 1857 Mrs. Lincoln alluded to eastern trip as follows: "The summer has so strangely and rapidly passed away. Some portion of it was spent most pleasantly in traveling East. We visited Niagara, Canada, New York and other points of interest." Helm, Mary, 122-23.]

Correspondent of Illinois State Register, writing from Monticello July 29, 1858, reports: "It was expected that he [Lincoln] would remain here for a day or two, or follow Senator Douglas to Paris, but he left suddenly on the midnight train for Springfield." (By "midnight train" Great Western, which Lincoln would have taken at Bement, is indicated.)

Mrs. Lincoln buys five yards cotton flannel at Smith's. Pratt, Personal Finances, 158.

To Thomas Doney, Lincoln writes: "The picture (I know not the artistic designation) was duly and thankfully received. I consider it a very excellent one; though, truth to say, I am a very indifferent judge." Abraham Lincoln to Thomas Doney, 30 July 1860, CW, 4:89.

Hugh McCulloch, Indiana banker, and friends visit President, who surprises them by relating anecdotes when government seems in peril. Hugh McCulloch, Men and Measures of Half a Century: Sketches and Comments (New York: Scribner, 1888), 161.

President sends communications to Senate regarding quasi-armistice with Florida and imprisonment of Lt. John L. Worden (USN). Abraham Lincoln to the Senate, 30 July 1861, CW, 4:465.

Selects Gen. Andrew Porter to succeed Gen. Frederick W. Lander as provost marshal of Washington. N.Y. Times, 31 July 1861.

Appears in good spirits and hopeful at White House evening levee. Congressman (former Senator) John J. Crittenden (Ky.) promenades with Mrs. Lincoln. Evening Star (Washington, DC), 31 July 1861, 2:2; National Republican (Washington, DC), 1 August 1861, 3:1; N.Y. Tribune, 31 July 1861.

New York committee interviews President regarding recruiting for old regiments. Abraham Lincoln to Edwin M. Stanton, 30 July 1862, CW, 5:349.

President Lincoln writes to Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase on behalf of Samuel Williams. Lincoln explains, "The bearer of this, son of our cook, is a good barber, and a good boy generally, I believe. He had a position during the session of Congress, in which he gave entire satisfaction as I understand, but which came to an end by the adjournment. Please see him a moment, & do something for him if you can." Abraham Lincoln to Salmon P. Chase, 30 July 1862, RG 56, Entry 210: Part II, Records of Various Divisions within the Office of the Secretary of the Treasury, Records of the Division of Appointments, Correspondence of the Division, Applications and Recommendations for Positions in the Washington, D. C. Offices of the Treasury Department, 1830-1910, National Archives, College Park, MD.

["I have told the President what you think of the expediency of drafting." Seward to Weed, 30 July 1862, Thurlow Weed Papers, Rush Rhees Library, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.]

President recognizes appointment of Theodor Schwartz as consul in Kentucky for Kingdom of Saxony. National Intelligencer, 1 August 1862.

President Lincoln signs an Oder of Retaliation in which he outlines measures "to give protection to . . . citizens, of whatever class, color, or condition, and especially to those who are duly organized as soldiers in the public service." Lincoln pledges, "The government of the United States will give the same protection to all its soldiers, and if the enemy shall sell or enslave anyone because of his color, the offense shall be punished by retaliation upon the enemy's prisoners in our possession." Order of Retaliation, 30 July 1863, CW, 6:357.

Writes F. P. Blair, Sr.: "Yesterday I commenced trying to get up an expedition for Texas. I shall do the best I can." Abraham Lincoln to Francis P. Blair, Sr., 30 July 1863, CW, 6:356.

At 12 M. Sec. Seward escorts Chevalier Bertinatti to White House for presentation of credentials as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of Italy. President replies to presentation. Reply to Joseph Bertinatti, 30 July 1864, CW, 7:473-74.

Lincoln appoints Maj. John A. Bingham, judge advocate of volunteers and former congressman (Ohio), to Court of Claims; appointment declined. Abraham Lincoln to John A. Bingham, 30 July 1864, CW, 7:472.

Leaves Washington in time to reach Fortress Monroe Sunday morning for meeting with Gen. Grant. Abraham Lincoln to Ulysses S. Grant, 29 July 1864, CW, 7:470.

Marine band gives regular Saturday evening concert on White House grounds. President probably did not attend. Washington Chronicle, 31 July 1864.

President approves treasury regulations governing commercial intercourse and directs military personnel to assist agents of Treasury Dept. in executing them. Approval of Treasury Regulations, 30 July 1864, CW, 7:471-72.