In afternoon army crosses into Michigan Territory (now Wisconsin) at Turtle Village, where Beloit now stands. Camp is made on "the plain between Rock river & the creek."Johnston Journal, Black Hawk War Collection, Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum, Springfield, IL; John H. Wakefield, Wakefield's History of the Black Hawk War (Chicago: Caxton Club, 1908), 76-77.

Lincoln writes to George Spears: "At your request I send you a receipt for the postage on your paper ["Sangamo Journal"]. . . . The law requires News paper postage to be paid in advance and now that I have waited a full year you choose to wound my feelings by insinuating that unless you get a receipt I will probably make you pay it again."Abraham Lincoln to George C. Spears, [1 July 1834], CW, 1:25.

[Lincoln advertises in the Sangamo Journal list of 49 letters still on hand in New Salem post office, which if not called for by October 1, 1836, will be sent to the general post office as dead letters. Sangamo Journal, 9 July 1836, 2:7.]

Lincoln buys from Elijah Iles lots 12 and 13 in Iles addition, on credit. He pays $136 for each, giving note for $272 due in 18 months.Photocopy of Iles Record Book.

[Election is held to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Representative Dan Stone. Lincoln does not vote, perhaps because of friendship with Baker and sense of obligation to Calhoun, under whom he served as deputy surveyor, 1833-1835. Baker opposed division of Sangamon favored by Calhoun. Baker is elected 1,178 to 872.Theodore C. Pease, ed., Illinois Election Returns, 1818-1848, vol. 18 of Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library (Springfield: Illinois State Historical Library, 1923), 306; ISLA—Bulletin, No. 36.

Lincoln files amended bill of complaint in Hornsby v. Ragsdale et al. in Sangamon Circuit Court.Record.

He writes declaration and praecipe in Trotter v. Thomas.Herndon-Weik Collection, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Lincoln, Stephen J. Iankiewicz, and Norman H. Purple, committee of arbitrators appointed yesterday by Gov. Ford, begin examining A. G. Henry's accounts as state house commissioner. Their work continues 12 days.Photocopy.

Lincoln leaves home to attend River and Harbor Convention at Chicago. See History of Congress, Biographical and Political, comprising a History of Internal Improvements, II, 294-344; Chicago History, V, 161-63.

Lincoln attends evening concert in Capitol grounds. In crowd he sees two ladies of the town, "our two girls . . . whose peculiarities were the wearing of black fur bonnets, and never being seen in close company with other ladies. . . . One of them was attended by their brother, and the other had a member of Congress in tow. He went home with her; and if I were to guess, I would say, he went away a somewhat altered man—most likely in his pockets, and in some other particular. The fellow looked conscious of guilt."Abraham Lincoln to Mary Todd Lincoln, 2 July 1848, CW, 1:495-96.

Lincoln assists in defense of William D. Davis, charged with killing Henry Louthan in Coles County. Brought to Clark County on change of venue, accused is tried at special session, convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to three years. Abraham Lincoln to Joel A. Matteson, 10 January 1853, CW, 2:187-88.

[About this time, Lincoln writes several pages of "Notes for a Law Lecture." Nicolay and Hay date these fragments "July 1, 1850?" "But it seems probable," says Basler, "that Lincoln wrote these observations . . . several years later." Fragment: Notes for a Law Lecture, [1 July 1850?], CW, 2:81-82.

U.S. District Court begins its Chicago session.]

Lincoln writes chancery bill to foreclose in Webster & Hickox v. Goodman & McAtee. Herndon-Weik Collection, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

He buys $1.25 pocket knife. Irwin Journal.

[On margin of Lincoln's speech on Henry Clay in Huntington Library Herndon wrote: "A public meeting chose Mr. Lincoln to address it—July 1st." Despite Logan's selection June 30, 1852, this point gains credence from Lincoln's delivery of Clay eulogy. Choice of Logan, not the favorite orator of Sangamon Whigs, may have been courtesy, intending that he hand assignment to Lincoln.]

About this time, assembling his thoughts for campaign season, Lincoln composes several pages of "fragments" on government and slavery. Fragment on Government, [1 July 1854?], CW, 2:220-21; Fragment on Government, [1 July 1854?], CW, 2:221-22; Fragment on Slavery, [1 July 1854?], CW, 2:222; Fragment on Slavery, [1 July 1854?], CW, 2:222-23.

Court decides for plaintiffs in railroad case, involving seizure of 43 railroad cars. Defendant, says court, owes $3,480.72 and charges of $454.60. Court allows appeal. Record.

In the U. S. Circuit Court, Lincoln writes and files an affidavit in the case of Macready v. Alton, Illinois. Manuel Eyre attests to the statement that "in the case of Mary Macready vs The City of Alton the plaintiff has paid to Margaret Brown, on witness fee, the sum ten dollars and seventyfive cents." Macready is suing the city of Alton for $20,000 in damages. She fell into a hole and injured herself while walking on a sidewalk in Alton. Macready claims that the City allowed "a deep and dangerous excavation to be and remain in one of the public sidewalks." Further, the City did not "warn and notify persons upon said sidewalk, of the excavation." Lincoln & Herndon, Orville Hickman Browning, and Nehemiah H. Bushnell represent Macready.Affidavit of Manuel Eyre, 1 July 1858, Macready v. Alton, Illinois, Record Group 21, case file 335; Declaration, Praecipe, filed 17 April 1858, Macready v. Alton, Illinois, Record Group 21, case file 335; Clerk's Docket, 17 April 1858, Macready v. Alton, Illinois, Record Group 21, [Clerk's] General Docket, Vol. 1, fol. 67, all in U. S. Circuit Court, Southern District of Illinois, National Archives and Records Administration, Great Lakes Region, Chicago, IL.

In Pearl v. McKnight & Co., filed June 16, 1859, and Lee, Murphy, & Avery v. Adams, filed June 17, 1859, Lincoln gets judgments for $531.89 and $3,461.32, respectively. Whiting v. Mudge, argued June 21, 1859, is submitted to court, and after testimony and argument, is taken under advisement. In Allen & McGrady v. Illinois River RR Lincoln files declaration alleging debt and damages of $800,000. Record; Files.

Lincoln spends time in temporary quarters as his office in the White House is being remodeled. Illinois Senator Lyman Trumbull notes that Lincoln's office, "which is upstairs over the room where the President receives company at the Levees . . . was just being . . . fitted up with papering . . . ,&c. The papering was done & looked very prettily. Mrs. L. was up taking a look at it." Trumbull meets with Lincoln for about an hour in the evening, and the two men discuss the war: "He said to me that he did not know of any law to authorize some things which he had done; but he thought there was a necessity for them, & that to save the constitution & the laws generally, it might be better to do some illegal acts, rather than suffer all to be overthrown. He seemed to think there was just as much law for increasing the regular army & the Navy as for calling out the three years' men. Every body seems anxious for a forward movement, & indications are not wanting that it will soon be made." Lyman Trumbull to Julia Trumbull, 2 July 1861, Lyman Trumbull Family Papers, Box 1, folder 12, IHi, Springfield, IL; John M. Palmer, The Bench and Bar of Illinois: Historical and Reminiscent, 2 vols., (Chicago: Lewis Publishing Company, 1899), 1:51-54, 2:618.

President decides to call into military service 300,000 volunteers and urges governors of 17 states and military board of Kentucky to furnish their quotas. Call for 300,000 Volunteers, 1 July 1862, CW, 5:296-97.

After breakfast discusses confiscation bills with Sen. Browning (Ill.) at White House. Browning, Diary.

Approves act providing for internal revenue tax of 3 per cent on incomes in excess of $600 for support of government and payment of interest on public debt. Stat. L., XII, 432.

[Irwin withdraws $2 from Springfield Marine Bank. Pratt, Personal Finances, 177.]

President Lincoln writes to Major General George B. McClellan, who, the day prior, wrote to Secretary of War Edwin Stanton and requested "very large reinforcements." Lincoln responds, "It is impossible to re-inforce you for your present emergency. If we had a million of men we could not get them to you in time. . . . If you are not strong enough to face the enemy you must find a place of security, and wait, rest, and repair. Maintain your ground if you can; but save the Army at all events." George B. McClellan to Edwin M. Stanton, 30 June 1862, Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC; Abraham Lincoln to George B. McClellan, 1 July 1862, CW, 5:298.

Proclaims real estate taxes plus penalty of 50 per cent to be lien on property in rebellious states. Proclamation Concerning Taxes in Rebellious States, 1 July 1862, CW, 5:298-99.

Recommends to Congress that Capt. Andrew H. Foote (USN) receive vote of thanks. Abraham Lincoln to the Senate and House of Representatives, 1 July 1862, CW, 5:299.

President visits Sec. Stanton in reference to Surg. William D. Stewart, dismissed for being absent without leave. Abraham Lincoln to Benjamin B. French, 1 July 1863, CW, 6:312-13.

Lincoln forwards nomination of Sen. William P. Fessenden (Maine) as secretary of treasury to Senate. Confirmed instantly. Hay, Letters and Diary.

Fessenden calls on Lincoln to suggest Comptroller of Currency Hugh McCulloch to replace Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase. Lincoln informs Fessenden that he has already sent Fessenden's name to the Senate for confirmation. Francis Fessenden, Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden, 2 vols. (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1907), 1:315-18.

At 10 P.M. Fessenden calls in person to deliver letter declining cabinet post; "but the President was in bed asleep." Francis Fessenden, Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden, 2 vols. (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1907), 1:320.