Around 11 a.m., approximately "twenty . . . highly respectable citizens of Baltimore" arrive at the White House to meet with President Lincoln. The group requests that Lincoln "not . . . bring troops through Maryland at this time." Lincoln responds that his goal is to "secure this Capitol to the Government, and protect the lives of its citizens." A newspaper reports, "While it is evident that it is the earnest desire of the President to prevent bloodshed in Maryland, he is doubtless unflinchingly determined that, forcibly, if necessary, the communication of this city with the progressing bodies of troops coming to its relief shall be kept open." Evening Star (Washington, DC), 22 April 1861, 3:6; National Republican (Washington, DC), 23 April 1861, 2:2; Reply to Baltimore Committee, 22 April 1861, CW, 4:341-42.

Lincoln surprised at resignation of Col. Magruder who three days ago expressed loyalty. Nicolay, Lincoln's Secretary, 95.

Cassius M. Clay, wearing three pistols and "Arkansas toothpick" (Bowie knife), calls on Lincoln. Sec. Chase complains to President about everybody issuing orders. Hay, Letters and Diary.

Lincoln instructs Sec. Seward to inform Gov. Hicks (Md.) that domestic matters will not be referred to foreign arbitrament. Henry J. Raymond, The Life and Public Services of Abraham Lincoln . . . Together with his State Papers, including his Speeches, Addresses, Messages, Letters, and Proclamations and the Closing Scenes Connected with his Life and Death (New York: Derby & Miller, 1865), 175; Abraham Lincoln to Thomas H. Hicks and George W. Brown, 20 April 1861, CW, 4:341.

Cabinet meeting 3 P.M. Nicolay to Welles, 22 April 1861, Gideon Welles Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Former Cong. Henry W. Davis (Md.) interviews President and members of cabinet on problems of peace. Baltimore Sun, 24 April 1861.

Henry Villard, speaking for James Gordon Bennett, founder of New York "Herald," informs President and Chase that Bennett will back administration unconditionally and offers son's yacht as gift to government revenue service. Henry Villard, Memoirs of Henry Villard, 2 vols. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1904), 1:162.

Deputation of 16 Virginians and 8 Marylanders visits Executive Mansion and demands cessation of hostilities until Congress convenes. N.Y. Times, 27 April 1861.

President confers with Gen. Scott in driveway of Executive Mansion to save his gouty visitor pain of climbing stairs. Margaret Leech, Reveille in Washington 1860-1865 (New York: Harper, 1941), 62.